Set 3

Water Pollution

Water Pollution

Water pollution occurs when energy and other materials are released, degrading the quality of the water for other users. Water pollution includes all of the waste materials that cannot be naturally broken down by water.

Water Temperature

Water Temperature

Water temperature is critical because it is an important quality in environmental parameters. It is important to measure water temperature. By doing so, we can see the characteristics of the water such as the chemical, biological, and physical properties of the water, as well as the possible health effects.

What is Chlorination?

What is Chlorination?

A large amount of research and many studies have been conducted to ensure success in new treatment plants using chlorine as a disinfectant. A leading advantage of chlorination is that it has proven effective against bacteria and viruses; however, it cannot inactivate all microbes. 

What is the Purpose of Drinking Water Quality Guidelines/Regulations?

What is the Purpose of Drinking Water Quality Guidelines/Regulations?

First off, it’s important to understand the discrepancy between the terms “guideline” and “regulation”, as this difference is critically important. The term guideline, can be defined as follows: “a line by which one is guided: an indication or outline of policy or conduct” (MerriamWebster, 2008). Meaning, a guideline is often a benchmark that should be followed, but technically, isn’t lawfully required to be followed.

Detailed Campylobacter

Detailed Campylobacter

Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal illness and is found everywhere! The Campylobacter organism is a bacterium that can cause disease in humans and animals with one species – Campylobacter jejuni – being responsible for most of the human illness cases. 

Detailed Cryptosporidium

Detailed Cryptosporidium

Cryptosporidiosis is a severe diarrheal disease caused by Cryptosporidium parvumC. parvum is a single-cell animal called a protozoan.

Detailed Escherichia Coli

Detailed Escherichia Coli

Escherichia coli, also referred to as E. coli, is a type of fecal coliform bacteria that is found in the intestines of healthy warm-blooded animals and humans. Most E. coli strains are harmless and serve a useful function in the body by stopping the growth of harmful bacteria species and by making necessary vitamins. However, some strains can be opportunistic pathogens, while others can cause gastrointestinal illness in healthy humans when ingested.

Detailed Giardia

Detailed Giardia

Giardiasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by the protozoan (single-celled, microscopic organism) Giardia intestionalis (also referred to as Giardia lamblia).

Detailed Helicobacter Pylori

Detailed Helicobacter Pylori

Helicobacter pylori are a type of gram-negative bacteria, spiral in shape with sheathed flagella that researchers now believe are the main cause of peptic ulcers.

Detailed Hepatitis A

Detailed Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is a disease caused by the Hepatitis A Virus (HAV). It is the most common type of hepatitis, with at least 1.4 million reported cases world wide every year. There are six different Hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, E, G) - Hepatitis A and E being the only two that are contagious.

Detailed Legionella

Detailed Legionella

Legionellosis is a lung infection – an uncommon form of pneumonia – caused by a bacterium named Legionella pneumophila. There are two forms of legionellosis: Pontiac Fever, the less severe form, and Legionnaires’ disease, the more severe illness that is potentially fatal. 

Detailed Shigella

Detailed Shigella

Shigellosis is an acute intestinal illness caused by a group of bacteria called Shigellae. There are four species of Shigellae; Shigella sonnei (abbreviated S. sonnei or “Type D”), S. flexneri (or “Type B”), S. boydii and S. dysenteriae.